Nucleotídeos para deteção de células em apoptose por TUNEL

Figure 1: The principle of TUNEL assay relies on terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated addition of a modified dUTP (X-dUTP) to 3’-OH ends of DNA fragments that are generated as a result of apoptosis induction. To avoid the loss of fragmented DNA and to allow enzyme and nucleotide entrance, cells need to be fixed and subsequently permeabilized prior to the labeling reaction. Incorporated bromoylated dUTP (BrdUTP) is detected by specific antibody conjugates with a reporter enzyme or fluorescent dye (A). The incorporation of alkyne-containing dUTP (EdUTP) is visualized by Cu(I)-catalyzed alkyne-azide click chemistry (CuAAC) with an azide containing fluorphore (B).

Produtos

Selected References

[1] Kerr et al. (1972) Apoptosis: a basic biological phenomenon with wide-ranging implications in tissue kinetics. Br. J. Cancer 26 (4):239.
[2] Lowe et al. (2000) Apoptosis in Cancer. Carcinogenesis 21 (3):485.
[3] Darzynkiewicz et al. (2008) Analysis of apoptosis by cytometry using TUNEL assay. Methods 44 (3):250.
[4] Li et al. (1995) Labelling DNA strand breaks with BrdUTP: Detection of apoptosis and cell proliferation. Cell proliferation 28 (11):571.
[5] Li et al. (1995) Single–step procedure for labeling DNA strand breaks with fluorescein- or BODIPY-conjugated deoxynucleotides: Detection of apoptosis and bromdeoxyuridine incorporation. Cytometry 20:172.